A common cause of infertility in women is blocked fallopian tubes. It occurs when the fallopian tubes, which act as pathways for eggs to travel from the ovaries to the uterus and sperm to travel up from the womb, become obstructed, hindering fertilization. This blog sheds light on blocked fallopian tubes, including the symptoms, causes, treatment options, and how to manage this condition.

What are Blocked Fallopian Tubes?

The fallopian tubes are slender tubes on either side of the uterus. During ovulation, an egg released from the ovary travels through a fallopian tube to the uterus. If sperm are present, fertilization may occur within the tube and it travels to the uterus for implantation. However, if the tubes are blocked, the egg and sperm cannot meet, preventing pregnancy.

Symptoms of Blocked Fallopian Tubes

Unfortunately, blocked fallopian tubes often don’t cause any noticeable symptoms. However, some women might experience:

• Pelvic pain during the menstruation or ovulation
• Irregular periods
• Difficulty getting pregnant (infertility)
• Pain during sexual intercourse (less common)
• Vaginal discharge that is sticky or coloured.

Causes of Blocked Fallopian Tubes

Listing the various factors that can cause blocked fallopian tubes:

• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): It is the infection of the reproductive organs, that is caused due to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia or gonorrhea.
• Endometriosis: Tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, potentially affecting the fallopian tubes.
• Previous pelvic surgery: Adhesions (scar tissue) from surgeries like C-sections, or other pelvic procedures can block the tubes.
• Fibroids: Noncancerous growths in the uterus can sometimes press on the fallopian tubes.
• Congenital abnormalities: Rarely, women may be born with blocked or malformed fallopian tubes.
• Hydrosalpinx: When fluid collects resulting in swelling and blockage in the fallopian tube

Complication

• Infertility: The blockage tubes prevent the egg and sperm from meeting, leading to infertility.
• Ectopic Pregnancy: If a fertilized egg gets stuck in a blocked fallopian tube, it can result in an ectopic pregnancy, which is a medical emergency.
• Chronic Pelvic Pain: Persistent pain due to ongoing inflammation or infection.

Diagnosis of Blocked Fallopian Tubes

Several tests can help diagnose blocked fallopian tubes. These might include:

• Hysterosalpingography (HSG): An X-ray using a contrast dye injected into the uterus to visualize the fallopian tubes and uterus.
• Laparoscopy: A minimally invasive surgical procedure using a laparoscope to examine the pelvic organs directly.
• Hysteroscopy: A thin scope inserted through the cervix to examine the inside of the uterus.
• Ultrasound: Also known as sonohysterogram can sometimes detect abnormalities in the fallopian tubes.

Treatment Options for Blocked Fallopian Tubes

The treatment approach for blocked fallopian tubes depends on the cause and severity of the blockage. Here are some possibilities:

• Laparoscopic surgery: To remove scar tissue or other blockages through a minimally invasive procedure.
• Tubal cannulation: A procedure to open blocked fallopian tubes using a catheter.
• In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Fertilization of the egg with sperm occurs outside the body, and the resulting embryo is implanted in the uterus.
• Salpingectomy: Removes one or both fallopian tubes (bilateral salpingectomy).
• Salpingostomy (neosalpingostomy): Repairs the blockage in your tubes and usually performed using laparoscopy.

Management of Blocked Fallopian Tubes

If pregnancy is not a goal, or if treatment options are not successful, managing the underlying condition is crucial. This might involve medication to regulate hormones or manage endometriosis.

Preventing Blocked Fallopian Tubes

Though it is not always preventable, these measures can help reduce the risk:

• Practice safe sex to reduce the risk of STIs that can lead to PID.
• Seek prompt treatment for any pelvic infections.
• Maintain a healthy weight as obesity can increase the risk of certain conditions like endometriosis.
• Exercise

Can one still have periods if the fallopian tubes are blocked?

Yes, as the eggs do not reach the uterus due to blockage it can cause bleeding or irregular periods.

Can one ovulate if the tubes are blocked?

Yes, you can ovulate even if your fallopian tubes are blocked. Ovulation involves the release of an egg from the ovary. The process of ovulation itself is not affected by the condition of the fallopian tubes.

Conclusion

Blocked fallopian tubes are a common cause of infertility, but you don’t have to navigate this alone. Early diagnosis and exploring treatment options with your doctor can empower you to make informed decisions about your health and family planning.